Recognize the Science Behind Energy
- Learn about the energy that people produce, store, and use.
- Energy is required for every bodily motion and chemical reaction, including running and food digestion.
- Investigate energy to have a better understanding of athletics, exercise, work, or daily activities in general.
Understand about energy, how to boost someone’s energy and keep it up in various circumstances, when rest is the best recovery tool, and how to do exercises for improved energy management. What are the things that improve our ability to move? It is feasible to control the body’s ability to move better and support the maintenance of optimal energy levels by being aware of these aspects.
Each session ends with an assignment that is sent in to the school, graded by the tutors there, and returned to you with any pertinent comments and suggestions—and, if necessary, additional reading—if they are applicable.
Lesson Structure
There are 7 lessons in this course:
- Energy and Work
- Anaerobic energy supply
- Phosphate energy
- Lactic acid energy
- Adenosine triphosphate
- Aerobic energy supply
- Energy requirements fordifferent types of activity
- Breathing during exercise
- ATP movement
- ATP sources
- ATP-PC system
- Lactic acid system
- Oxygen system
- Aerobic systems
- Krebs cycle
- Energy Pathways
- What is energy
- The nature of energy
- Units of measurement
- Production and storage of energy
- Carbohydrates in an animal or human body
- Gycogenesis
- Glycogenolysis
- Gluconeogenesis
- Hyperglycaemia
- Carbohydrate oxidation
- Glycolysis
- Hydrolysis
- Hydrolysis of metal salts
- Hydrolysis of an ester link
- Energy production pathways from different foods: fats, carbohydrates, proteins
- Respiratory quotient
- Resting quotientAerobic capacity
- What happens during exercise
- Recovery from exercise: Alactacid and lactacid oxygen debt, Replenishing muscular glycogen
- Lactic acid
- Calculations
- The Acid-Base Balance
- pH
- What is acidity
- The urinary system: Kidneys, ureters, bladder
- Physiology of the Urinary system
- The urea cycle
- Osmosis and Diffusion
- Diffusion explained and examples given
- Nature and types of diffusion
- Movement of molecules through cell membranes
- Endocytosis
- Membranes and their structure
- Osmosis
- Osmosis and filtration
- Membrane transport: simple passive, active and facilitated transport
- Chemical potential
- Osmotic pressure
- Reverse osmosis
- Atmospheric Pressure
- Altitudes
- Introduction to atmospheric pressure
- Partial pressure gradients
- Effects of change in pressure
- Equalising when diving
- Gas solubility
- Breathing at different atmospheric pressures
- Calculations
- Temperature Regulation
- Introduction
- Affect of temperature changes on the human body
- Conduction and convection
- Lowering temperature: sweating, vasodilation, metabolic reduction, hair, behaviour
- Raising temperature
- Vasoconstriction
- Increased metabolism
- Behaviour
- Effect of temperature on enzymes
- Ecrine glands
- Apocrine glands
- Energy production
- Factors affecting individual BMR: growth, body size, food, thyroid gland
- Fever: mechanism of fever, shivering, other temperature disorders
- Grades of fever
- Signs of fever
- Ergogenic Aids to Performance
- Introduction
- Drugs: steroids, amphetamines
- Oxygen
- Vitamins
- Water
- Other foods: carbohydrates, protein
- Creatine
- Caffeine
- Antioxidants
Each lesson culminates in an assignment which is submitted to the school, marked by the school’s tutors and returned to you with any relevant suggestions, comments, and if necessary, extra reading.
Aims
- Describe how the body uses energy to produce work and power.
- Describe the energy routes that occur during rest, work, and recovery.
- Describe the relevance of the body’s acid-base balance.
- Describe the flow of substances into and out of living cells.
- Describe how changing atmospheric pressure affects the body.
- Describe how the body regulates its temperature.
- Describe ergogenic aids for improving physical performance.
How You Plan to Act
- Describe the biological energy cycles using examples as needed.
- Provide two instances of the anaerobic and aerobic energy pathways found in the body.
- Describe how ATP works in the body’s energy pathways.
- What do the following phrases mean in relation to understanding bodily energy pathways?:
- energy
- work
- power
- efficiency during exercise
- Explain the consumption of oxygen during different stages of activity, including:
- at rest
- warming up
- peak activity
- cooling down
- Determine the hourly net cost of exercise in litres for a specific scenario.
- Describe how efficiency during an exercise that is done to complete a certain task is measured.
- Describe any issues that could arise with the physiological processes during a marathon run.
- The following acid-base terminology should be explained in one paragraph each with reference to
- exercise:
- Buffer
- Alkali reserve
- Alkalosis
- Acidosis
- Explain how the body’s respiratory system controls pH.
- Explain the process through which the kidneys regulate pH.
- Describe the impact of intense activity on the body’s pH.
- Describe osmosis in a particular biological circumstance (of your choice).
- In the human body, distinguish between diffusion and aided diffusion.
- Describe how electrochemical forces keep cells in balance.
- Describe how cellular active transport systems work.
- cite three instances in which alterations in pressure may have an impact on how the body works:
- scuba diving
- mountain climbing
- Provide instances of how changes in pressure brought on by altitude and scuba diving might affect different regions of the body.
- Describe how a decompression procedure will affect a diver who has nitrogen narcosis.
enumerate the human body’s heat loss systems. - List the human body’s heat-gaining systems.
- Describe how the body’s temperature receptors and effectors work.
- Explain the exercise session you underwent as part of your assigned task and how you kept your body temperature constant.
- Describe how temperature regulation may alter between activity at a 60–70% effort and peak exertion.
- Describe how steroids affect the body’s ability to perform and other health-related elements during two different forms of activities.
- Describe how amphetamines and other performance-enhancing substances effect the body when engaging in a certain activity.
- Examine the benefits and drawbacks of using amino acids to improve physical activity.
- Describe how blood doping is used to improve physical performance in a particular sport.
- Describe the ways in which oxygen can be used to improve performance in a particular activity.
- Describe the impact of several vitamins on three different performance kinds.
- Describe how aspartic acid salts effect a particular performance.
ENERGY IS DIFFICULT
The human body is an intricate machine. Even after spending their whole lives researching one area of the body, some experts still believe there is more to learn. Many of the mechanisms that impact how we obtain and use energy are explained in this course. One of the many substances involved is lactic acid.
LACTIC ACID: WHAT IS IT?
When a peak effort exceeds the capacity of the phosphate energy system, energy is supplied by glycogen that has been stored in the working muscles. For instance, this energy source is used in 100-meter swimming competitions and 400-meter track races. Maximal levels of lactic acid buildup are produced by continuous actions that wear one out in 45–50 seconds. A sense of exhaustion brought by by the anaerobic energy release from glycogen results in the production of lactic acid, which slows down an athlete. Lactic acid must be eliminated and the athlete must recuperate for 45 to 60 minutes after it has been created.
There are various ways the body can receive ATP:
Anaerobic ATP-PC System
Here, ATP is created by the breakdown of the substance phosphocreatine. Energy, phosphorus, and creatine are produced during the breakdown of phosphocreatine. ADP can then use the energy generated to build ATP. With the input of energy (which comes from food, not from stored ATP/ADP processes), phosphocreatine can then be recreated.
Anaerobic Lactic Acid System
In this system, glucose or glycogen undergoes a number of chemical reactions to produce ATP as well as lactic acid. In the presence of oxygen, one glucose molecule decomposes into carbon dioxide and water, generating two ATP molecules in the process. This method produces a negligible quantity of ATP. This more complicated process doesn’t need oxygen to run and uses simply carbs as dietary fuel. This procedure has the drawback of possibly building up lactic acid in the body, which can alter blood pH. The pH of the blood should hover around 7.3 and never fall below 6.8. Yet, the lactic acid system is self-limiting and shouldn’t typically experience these issues.
WHAT WAYS CAN THIS COURSE HELP ME?
Understanding how people gather, store, and use energy is essential to developing effective exercise programmes, whether you want to work in the fitness business or already do so as a fitness trainer or other fitness professional.
You can use this course to advance your career in a variety of fields, such as fitness, exercise science, and health science.
It is a continuation course for students who have taken Human Anatomy and Physiology or have completed earlier coursework elsewhere.
